Otis
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Otis Elevator Company  Caption | ||||||||||||||||
General information
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Otis Elevator Company (also known today as Otis Worldwide Corporation) is an American elevator company. Founded in 1853, it is the largest manufacturer of elevators in the world.
Overview
Otis is an American elevator manufacturer currently based in Farmington, Connecticut, United States. It was founded in 1853 by Elisha G. Otis, who invented the safety mechanism of elevators should the hoisting rope break in 1852, which he showcased it at the New York World's Fair in 1854. The company was originally based in Yonkers, New York. It was also part of the United Technologies Corporation (UTC) from 1976 until 2020 when it was spun off into an independent company.
It is currently the largest elevator manufacturer in the world after Schindler, and the second largest escalator manufacturer.
History of Otis in Indonesia
Pre-war era
Otis has been installing elevators longer than any other companies in Indonesia. It is believed that Otis first entered Indonesia in the 1910s during the Dutch colonial era through Fred Stieltjes & Co., a trading company based in Surabaya. It is difficult to tell when exactly Otis installed their first elevator in Indonesia, but the oldest one found so far was from 1917, which was in the historic Jiwasraya Building in Semarang.
Post war era
After World War II, Otis continued installing elevators in Indonesia. Around 1960, the agency of Otis elevator in Indonesia was held by PT. Pembangunan Perumahan, a state-owned construction firm[1]. Two years later, Otis installed elevators for Hotel Indonesia, Jakarta[2].
On 1 October 1965, Otis appointed local engineering company PT. Citas Engineering as its distributor, replacing the role previously held by Pembangunan Perumahan for five years. Citas was established in January 1964 and initially focused on mechanical and electrical-related activities before it decided to become a distributor for Otis products[1]. In 1987, the company became a domestic investment firm and by 1989 Citas had installed 1250 units of elevators and escalators across the country. In 1989, Citas began modernizing the elevators at Wisma Nusantara in Jakarta which was claimed to be the first elevator modernization in Indonesia[3].
In 1990, a factory for producing elevator parts and components was opened in Tangerang[4].
Otis formed a joint venture with Citas Engineering in 1992 and four years later it acquired Citas and became PT. Citas Otis Elevator[5][4].
In the mid 1990s, Citas Otis Elevator won a contract to install elevators for the Indonesia Stock Exchange Building 2 in Jakarta which at that time it was Otis's largest contract in Indonesia[6].
Since the 2000s
Very little is known about Otis's history in Indonesia after the 1990s.
In 2017, Citas Otis moved its Jakarta head office from Warung Buncit to CIBIS NINE in Cilandak, an office building equipped with Otis elevators (with CompassPlus destination dispatch) and escalators.
Also in the late 2010s, Otis installed double deck elevators for the Millenium Centennial Center in Jakarta, making it the second building in Indonesia to be installed with double deck elevators after Treasury Tower (District 8) in Jakarta[7].
Locations
Citas Otis Elevator's head office is currently located on the 3rd floor of CIBIS NINE in Cilandak, Jakarta. This building has Otis elevators with CompassPlus destination dispatch as well as Otis escalators. The previous office was located in Jalan Warung Buncit No. 36, which was known as Wisma Otis.
Citas Otis also has branches in other major cities such as Bandung, Surabaya, Makassar and Medan.
Application in Indonesia
In Indonesia, Otis elevators are usually found in office buildings, hotels, shopping centers and often hospitals as well. Most of the current installations are machine room less used in low to mid rise buildings.
They are also used in the Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (North-South Line, Phase 1) and Jakarta Light Rail Transit. These elevators are GeN2-Regen machine room less installed from 2018 to early 2019.
Pre-war era
During the Dutch colonial era, Otis elevators were imported and possibly installed by a trading company based in Surabaya, Fred Stieltjes & Co..
A screenshot of a 1920s Otis elevator catalog with the name of past distributors.
Closer look of the list, revealing the name of the Indonesian distributor, Fred Stieltjes & Co.
As of 2021, there have been two pre-war Otis elevators found in Indonesia.
Jiwasraya Building (Semarang)
This is perhaps the most well known pre-war Otis elevator in Indonesia, located in the historic Jiwasraya Building in Semarang.
It is a manually controlled elevator from 1917 with iron gates and crank that was used to control the elevator manually by an elevator operator. One source claims that the elevator has been decommissioned since the 1970s[8], and as of now it is still there. A video of how the elevator look like can be seen below.
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DISCLAIMER Despite what most people and online medias claimed, the Jiwasraya Building elevator is NOT the oldest elevator in Indonesia. The oldest elevator in Indonesia is in fact at the London Sumatra Building in Medan, which was built by British firm Waygood Otis and installed in 1908 (see next section below). |
Bank Mandiri Kota Tua (Jakarta)
This elevator is located in the former office of Nederlandsch Indische Escompto Maatschappij in Kota Tua, Jakarta which is now a branch office of Bank Mandiri[9]. It is estimated to be from the early 1920s and just like the one in Jiwasraya Building, it is no longer work.
Landing door (credit to AudioAnimatronics1874 for the photo)
Landing operating panel with some Dutch words (credit to AudioAnimatronics1874 for the photo)
Waygood Otis
Waygood Otis was a merging brand as the result of Otis acquiring R. Waygood & Co. in 1914. Waygood & Co. was a British elevator manufacturer from London, England founded by Richard Waygood in 1833. After the two companies merged, together they made elevators under the Waygood Otis brand and exported them to several countries, including Indonesia which at that time was a Dutch colony.
In Indonesia, Waygood Otis was supplied by Fred Stieltjes & Co. during the 1910s-1920s, just like the regular U.S. made Otis elevators. However, there has not been any single Waygood Otis elevator found in Indonesia so far.
Otis dropped the Waygood Otis name in 1957 and continuing on as just Otis. This is because Otis bought the remaining shares of Waygood in 1952.
The first (and oldest) elevator in Indonesia
Before Waygood merged with Otis in the mid 1910s, the company had installed what appears to be the very first elevator in Indonesia.
According to an April 2016 Kompas newspaper article (see photo attached on the right), the London Sumatra Building in Medan has an antique birdcage elevator from 1908 made by R. Waygood & Co.. The building was said to be the first building in Medan equipped with an electric elevator. The elevator still exists today, and is still manually controlled by an elevator operator whom have been working since 1986. It is also heritage conserved along with the building, meaning that it cannot be altered in any ways as it is considered a heritage item. With an age of over 110 years, it is now considered to be the oldest elevator still operating in Indonesia.
Elevator models (after 1950s)
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YouTube videos available A blue colored text on a "Known installations in Indonesia" list indicates YouTube video link of the elevator(s) from the listed location. A striked location name means that the elevator(s) in that particular location is no longer exist. |
Between 1960 and 1965, Otis elevators in Indonesia were distributed by PT. Pembangunan Perumahan, a state-owned construction firm. In 1965, PT. Citas Engineering took over the role and became the sole distributor of Otis elevators and escalators in Indonesia.
Until the 1970s, Otis was the most popular elevator brand in Indonesia as during that time there were not many competitors around the country. The only major competitor at that time was Mitsubishi, who entered the Indonesian market in 1971.
Note: Models listed in Italic have no known names.
1950s to 1970s
Standard passenger type (1950s-1970s)
Numerous Otis elevators had been imported and installed in Indonesia between the 1950s and 1970s. Various types of Otis elevators were manufactured in the United States, France and Japan, and most of them had no known model names.
1980s
It is a traction passenger elevator model for low to mid rise buildings. Spec 5 was manufactured by Nippon Otis in Japan between 1978 and the mid 1980s. It is a two speed AC model with servodrive.
Released in 1982, it is a successor and improvement of Spec 5. In this model, the buttons have been redesigned and the controller has been changed to microcomputer. Discontinued in 1989.
A high speed gearless elevator model with high performance microprocessor controller and voice synthesizer. It was released in 1981 and sold until the 1990s. Elevonic 401 was one of Otis's most successful products at that time and had sold quite well around the world.
European Otis elevators (with Series 1 fixtures)
Between the 1980s and 1990s, Otis also installed a very small number of European Otis elevators in Indonesia. These elevators used Series 1 fixtures just like Elevonic 401, but with a different design and look. Usually the buttons were arranged in a single or double row, and the floor indicator was a simple square display.
Known installations in Indonesia:
- A shop lot in Mangga Dua with a Mutiara Bank, Jakarta (not working)
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport - Terminal 2, Cengkareng(1991, modernized multiple times until they were all replaced into Kone MonoSpace in mid 2019)- Geowisata Inn, Bandung (presumed to be a European Otis, modernized by another company)
Defunct European Otis elevator (with Series 1 fixtures) in a shop lot in Mangga Dua, Jakarta.
One of the European Otis elevators at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Terminal 2 before it was replaced (source: Anonymous Facebook user)
European Otis elevators (with LM fixtures)
Citas Engineering had also installed another European Otis elevator model in Indonesia, with LM fixtures which consist of white wedged rectangle buttons and a simple digital segments floor indicator. These elevators were only installed in Terminal 1 and 2 of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Cengkareng, but they have all been replaced. In January 2022, a non-working elevator with its original condition was accidentally found in Terminal 2F[10], making it the only known surviving "Otis LM" elevator in Indonesia.
1990s
Released in 1985 as a successor of Otis Spec 50, this is a low speed passenger elevator model for low to mid rise buildings. The first Nippon Otis model to adopt VVVF inverter.
A high speed model for high rise buildings. It was released in 1989 as an improvement as well as a successor of Elevonic 401 with improved microprocessor control, drive system, artificial intelligence and other features. There was also Elevonic 411 M, which was a version for upgrading older Otis elevators. Discontinued in 2014.
Elevonic 311
A low to medium speed geared traction elevator model for low to mid rise buildings, produced from the 1990s to early 2000s. Not much is known about this model and no installations have been found in Indonesia so far.
Released in 1993, it was a series of standard traction or hydraulic elevator models designed for the European markets and was manufactured in Europe. Although it was mainly sold in Europe, it was also exported to Asia. In Indonesia, only very few units were installed so this is a very rare model.
These are geared traction elevator models produced by Nippon Otis in Japan from the early to late 1990s. 200VF was designed for low to mid rise buildings while 300VF was mainly intended for mid rise buildings. They are successor of Nippon Otis's previous model Spec 60VF. Most of the Otis elevators installed in low to medium rise buildings built in the 1990s are of this model, but most of them have now been modernized.
Spec 90
A low to medium speed geared traction elevator model for mid rise buildings and manufactured by Nippon Otis in the 1990s. Very little is known about it, but it is believed that the elevator design is the same as Otis 200VF and 300VF.
2000s
Almost all of these models were produced by either Otis China or Xizi Otis in China, unless otherwise stated. Otis China products were usually produced in Tianjin while Xizi Otis products were produced in Hangzhou. Note that Xizi Otis became Otis Electric in 2016.
Early Xizi Otis branded elevators are always identified by their orange colored direction arrows on the inside floor indicators and non-transparent arrows on the call buttons. Some Xizi Otis elevators are simply branded as Otis, and the Xizi Otis names are only seen in certain parts that are not usually visible.
Otis 3000 (3100 and 3200)
It is a series of geared traction elevator models produced by Otis China in the 2000s for low to mid rise buildings. The design and fixtures are the same as the Nippon Otis Spec Creces and Alza elevators except for a few differences. There are two models; Otis 3100 which is the cost effective model for residential and basic commercial buildings with up to 75 meters, and Otis 3200 which is the premium model for buldings up to 130 meters. They were discontinued in the late 2000s.
Known installations in Indonesia:
- Lindeteves Trade Center, Glodok, Jakarta (some have been replaced into Mitsubishi NEXIEZ-MR elevators in 2019)
- Mediteranean Lagoon Residences, Jakarta
- ITC BSD, Tangerang, Banten (2004)
- Golden City Mall, Surabaya
Gen2 is Otis's flagship model of machine room less elevator, produced since 2000. It features a slim compact gearless machine and patented coated steel belts which replaced conventional steel ropes. There were several Gen2 variants sold in Indonesia, and almost all of them were produced by Otis China:
- Gen2 Premier: Designed for low rise residential and commercial buildings for the Asian markets. Most of the Otis Gen2 elevators installed in Indonesia between the mid and late 2000s are of this model. Discontinued in the late 2000s and was succeeded by the Gen2-Regen, but in 2017 it returned to the product lineup as a newly improved model and is now the current Gen2 model sold in Indonesia.
- Gen2 Comfort: A low cost Gen2 variant designed for low rise residential and basic commercial buildings for the Asian markets. The design is the same as Gen2 Premier except for the buttons.
- Gen2-Regen / Gen2-Regen MR: Released in the late 2010s, this is a Gen2 variant produced by Xizi Otis (now Otis Electric) in Hangzhou, China. There was also a version with machine room known as Gen2-Regen MR. Discontinued in the late 2010s.
- Gen2 Mod: A variant of Gen2 for modernization of older Otis and non-Otis elevators. The motor and controller is installed in the existing machine room while the existing shaft and car is retained.
A standard passenger elevator model of Nippon Otis, released in April 1995 as a successor of Spec Alza/Creces. The design has been greatly updated which now features round plastic buttons and a corner fit position button panel inside the car. It was designed for residential and commercial buildings up to 130 meters.
SKY
This is a gearless passenger elevator for mid to high rise buildings. The model was manufactured by Otis China.
Otis 4000
This is a model of medium to high speed passenger elevator designed for mid to high rise buildings. The design is almost the same as Otis 3200. It was manufactured by Otis China.
This is a gearless traction elevator model for mid to high rise buildings, originally developed by Xizi Otis in 2002[11]. Most of the Xizi Otis branded elevators installed in low to mid rise buildings in the 2000s are of this model. Since 2016, it is produced by Otis Electric (the successor of Xizi Otis).
XO21VF
Released in 1997, it is the first elevator model produced by Xizi Otis that combines technologies from American Otis elevators[11]. Very little is known about this model, but apparently it was sold in Indonesia at some point in the 2000s. This model has not yet been found in Indonesia.
Elevonic
This is a high speed gearless passenger elevator model for high rise buildings.
A model of standard freight elevators for shopping centers, industrial buildings and warehouses. It was originally a model of Xizi Otis but since 2016 it is now produced by Otis Electric.
Other minor models
200VF
A low cost traction model produced by Otis India for low rise buildings. It uses "Otis Spec 60VF" buttons and the floor indicators are the same as the Otis 3200. It should not be confused with the Japanese model of the same name which was produced by Nippon Otis in the 1990s.
Known installations in Indonesia:
Noriai-Go
This is a home elevator model produced by Panasonic Home Elevator in Japan and sold by Otis[12]. The car's side walls are curved and the doors are center opening telescopic.
Known installations in Indonesia:
OmniHome
This is a home elevator and OEM product of E Feng Machinery of Taiwan which was sold under the Otis brand.
Known installations in Indonesia:
- MEX Building, Surabaya (parking garage)
- Jimbaran Corner Building, Bali (2011)
2010s to current
Almost all of these models are produced by Xizi Otis (late 2000s-2016) and Otis Electric (since 2016) in Hangzhou, China unless otherwise stated.
Otis's flagship model of machine room less elevator sold since 2000, featuring a compact gearless motor with smaller sheaves as well as revolutionary coated steel belts that replaced traditional steel ropes. There are numerous Gen2 variants sold in Indonesia:
- GeN2-Regen: A variant of Otis Gen2 produced by Xizi Otis (now Otis Electric) from the late 2000s until late 2010s. Most of the Otis Gen2 elevators installed between the early and late 2010s are of this model. Installations after 2017 carry the "Otis Electric" names in certain parts. Discontinued in the late 2010s.
- Gen2-MR: This is a variant of Otis Gen2 with machine room above the shaft. The design is the same as Gen2-Regen. Discontinued in the late 2010s.
- Gen2 Premier: It is the current Gen2 machine room less model sold in Indonesia since 2017, as well as a successor of Gen2-Regen. The design is the same as Gen2-Regen. Not to be confused with the older Gen2 Premier model that was once sold in the 2000s.
- Gen2 Prime: Possibly released in 2023, it is a cost saving Gen2 variant aimed for residential buildings. The capacity range is between 320 and 1000 kilograms (or 4-13 persons)[13].
- Gen2 Mod: A variant of Gen2 for modernization of older Otis and non-Otis elevators. The motor and controller is installed in the existing machine room while the existing shaft and car is retained.
Launched in 2021, this is a new passenger elevator model featuring a digital IoT platform known as "Otis LINE", in line with the "digital elevator" trend. Apart from that, it is mechanically similar to Gen2 and is available with or without machine room. Gen3 was officially launched for Indonesia on 22 August 2024 in Jakarta[14].
Arise
It is a cost saving gearless traction model for low to mid rise residential buildings. This model features white illuminating buttons and LED segmented floor indicators. The maximum capacity is 1050 kilograms and it can serve up to 36 floors[15].
Known installations in Indonesia:
OH 5000
OH 5000 remains the current model of low to medium speed gearless passenger elevator for mid to high rise buildings. It is usually seen in high rise apartments and often office buildings. It was initially a product of Xizi Otis launched in the 2000s, but since 2016 it is now manufactured by Otis Electric. The design is the same as Gen2-Regen.
Released in 2014, it is Otis's current and only flagship model of high speed elevators for high rise buildings. It can be installed as a single or double deck configuration. It is a successor of Otis's two previous high speed models, SKYWAY and Elevonic 411.
FOVF remains the standard freight elevator model for industrial buildings, warehouses and shopping centers. It was initially a product of Xizi Otis but since 2016 it is now manufactured by Otis Electric. There are very few cases where the model is sold separately by Sigma and installed under their own name.
Noriai-go 20
This is a home elevator model and an improvement of the original Noriai-go model that was produced in the 2000s. It is manufactured by Panasonic Home Elevator (the home elevator division of Japanese electronic manufacturer Panasonic) in Japan[16] and are sold through Otis.
Known installations in Indonesia:
A Panasonic home elevator in KALIBRE, Depok.
Call button
Car station of a Panasonic home elevator.
Compass
- Main article: Otis Compass
Compass is a series of destination dispatch system of Otis. The original system, known simply as Compass was launched in 2005. In 2013, it was relaunched as CompassPlus with improvements and updates and again in 2020 as Compass 360.
It is rarely seen in Indonesia. Tokopedia Tower, Satrio Tower, Millennium Centennial Center and CIBIS NINE are some of the known buildings in Jakarta having Compass Plus.
Modernization
- Main article: Otis Modernization
Notable Otis elevator installations
- Main article: List of notable Otis elevator installations in Indonesia
There are several buildings in Indonesia that uses Otis elevators, some of the notable ones are listed below. This is just a partial list, for a more extensive list click the link above.
- Hotel Indonesia Kempinski, Jakarta
- Millennium Centennial Tower, Jakarta
- Tokopedia Tower (Ciputra World Jakarta 2), Jakarta
- Hotel Borobudur, Jakarta
- Grand Sahid Jaya Hotel, Jakarta
- Jakarta Convention Center (JCC), Jakarta
- Indonesia Stock Exchange Building 2, Jakarta
- Wisma Bumiputera, Jakarta
- Wisma Hayam Wuruk, Jakarta
- AEON Jakarta Garden City, Jakarta
- AEON Mall BSD City, Serpong, Banten
- Mall @ Alam Sutera, Serpong, Banten
- Jiwasraya Building, Semarang (1917, historic, the oldest known Otis elevator in Indonesia)
- Sheraton Hotel & Tower, Surabaya
- Padma Resort Ubud, Bali
- The Apurva Kempinski Resort, Bali
Trivia
- Otis is the second elevator company in Indonesia to have installed double deck elevators in the country after Kone. Their first double deck elevators were installed at the Millenium Centennial Center in Jakarta.
- It is also the first elevator company in Indonesia to have successfully completed an elevator modernization for the first time in the country's vertical transportation history, which was at Wisma Nusantara in Jakarta (completed in 1989).
- Citas Engineering's head director, Ir. Sarwono Kusasi, had previously worked at Pembangunan Perumahan as a mechanical engineer from 1963 until 1965. He was also the head of APPLE's Kumpulan Pakar Lift (English: Lift Experts Assembly) at some point.
- Citas Engineering also had a sub branch in Surabaya known as CV. Raya Metal.
- Contrary to popular believes as well as a claim made by a local media, the original 1962 Otis elevators at Hotel Indonesia in Jakarta were NOT the first elevators installed in Indonesia. The first elevator installed in Indonesia was at the London Sumatra Building in Medan in 1908.
- Citas Otis's project at the Indonesia Stock Exchange Building 2 in Jakarta (completed in 1998) was their largest elevator contract in Indonesia at that time.
- The original Otis elevators at Grha BNI I, Jakarta were the fastest elevators ever installed in Indonesia (with a speed of 360 m/min) when they were completed in 1988-1989[1]. They were believed to be Elevonic 401.
- The three founders of local elevator company Louserindo Megah Permai (better known as Louser Lift) were former employees of Citas Engineering[17].
See also
- Xizi Otis - Otis's Chinese subsidiary based in Hangzhou, China (now Otis Electric since 2016)
Gallery
Citas Engineering name in an old Otis elevator operating instruction sign.
Old Otis advertisement (source: Yellow Pages Indonesia, 1990 edition)
Old Otis advertisement (source: Pola magazine, 22 June 1977)
Advertisement about Otis's elevator modernization in Wisma Nusantara, Jakarta (source: Konstruksi magazine, January 1990)
Notes and references
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Sistem "Sky Lobby" mengoptimalkan pemakaian lift" - KONSTRUKSI Magazine, October 1989 (PDF version available in Indonesian)
- ↑ Hotel Indonesia, 1960's. Film 15067 - YouTube (Skip to 1:17 to see the elevator's hall floor indicator)
- ↑ "Modernisasi Lift di Wisma Nusantara - KONSTRUKSI Magazine, January 1990 (PDF version available in Indonesian)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Bea Masuk Menjadi Kendala" - KONSTRUKSI Magazine, April 1994 (PDF available in Indonesian)
- ↑ Rangkuman Tentang Citas Otis (Indonesian) (archived) (Alternate version)
- ↑ Fact Sheets - Otis (archived)
- ↑ Treasury Tower in District 8, Jakarta is equipped with 18 Kone MiniSpace double deck elevators which were installed in 2017-2018 (the contract had been awarded in 2014).
- ↑ Link to the story of this elevator (Indonesian) (Archived version)
- ↑ Google Maps location
- ↑ Instagram post by "nabellevator" - Instagram
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Otis OH5000 brochure (2012 edition) (jump to page 3)
- ↑ This is possible because Nippon Otis in Japan has a relationship with Panasonic's home elevator division. In the past, Otis products in Japan were also sold through Matsushita Electric Industrial (predecessor of Panasonic) and these products were branded as "National Otis" until 2005 ("National" was a brand of Panasonic), so this relationship might have led Nippon Otis to sell Panasonic home elevators for domestic and overseas markets.
- ↑ Gen2 Prime - Otis Indonesia
- ↑ Otis Indonesia Launches Gen3™ Digitally-Connected Elevator - Otis Indonesia
- ↑ Otis Arise brochure (archived)
- ↑ Panasonic Home Elevator (Japanese)
- ↑ "Industri Lift: Tak Puas Cuma Jual Jasa" - Warta Ekonomi, No. 51, May 18, 1992 (PDF version available in Indonesian)
External links
Official websites
- Official website - Global site
- Official website - U.S. website
- Official website - Indonesian website
- Old website (archived on Wayback Machine)
Reference articles from KONSTRUKSI Magazine (Indonesian)
All of these articles relates with Otis in Indonesia.
- "Sistem "Sky Lobby" mengoptimalkan penggunaan lift" - October 1989
- "Modernisasi Lift di Wisma Nusantara" - January 1990
- "ELEVONIC 401, sentuhan canggih dari Otis" - February 1985
- "Lift Tercanggih dari Otis: Otis elevonic 411" - January 1991
- "Bea Masuk Menjadi Kendala" - April 1994
| Major elevator and escalator companies in Indonesia | |
|---|---|
| Full list | Click here |
| Operating | Fujitec • Hitachi • Hyundai • Kone • Mitsubishi (Shanghai Mitsubishi) • Orona • Otis (Xizi Otis) • Schindler (XJ Schindler) • Sigma • TK Elevator (Marohn TKE) • Toshiba |
| Defunct | Dong Yang • GoldStar / LG • Haushahn • Indolift • Lift Munich • Thyssen |
| See also | Third party elevator companies |
